MINIMALLY INVASIVE LAPAROSCOPIC ESOPHAGECTOMY VS. TRANSHIATAL OPEN ESOPHAGECTOMY IN ACHALASIA: A RANDOMIZED STUDY.

BACKGROUND: Open and laparoscopic trans-hiatal esophagectomy has been successfully performed in the treatment of megaesophagus. However, there are no randomized studies to differentiate them in their results. AIM: To compare the results of minimally invasive laparoscopic esophagectomy (EMIL) vs. open trans-hiatal esophagectomy (ETHA) in advanced megaesophagus. METHOD: A total of 30 patients were randomized, 15 of them in each group - EMIL and ETHA. The studied variables were dysphagia score before and after the operation at 24-months follow-up; pain score in the immediate postoperative period and at hospital discharge; complications of the procedure, comparing each group. Were also studied: surgical time in minutes, transfusion of blood products, length of hospital stay, mortality and follow-up time. RESULTS: ETHA group comprised eight men and seven women; in the EMIL group, four women and 11 men. The median age in the ETHA group was 47.2 (29-68) years, and in the EMIL group of 44.13 (20-67) years. Mean follow-up time was 33 months, with one death in each group, both by fatal aspiration. There was no statistically significant difference between the EMIL vs. ETHA scores for dysphagia, pain and in-hospital complications. The same was true for surgical time, transfusion of blood products and hospital stay. CONCLUSION: There was no difference between EMIL and ETHA in all the studied variables, thus allowing them to be considered equivalent.

Minimally invasive laparoscopic esophagectomy vs. transhiatal open esophagectomy in achalasia: a randomized study / Esofagectomia minimamente invasiva laparoscópica vs. esofagectomia trans-hiatal aberta no megaesôfago avançado: estudo randomizado

ABSTRACT Background: Open and laparoscopic trans-hiatal esophagectomy has been successfully performed in the treatment of megaesophagus. However, there are no randomized studies to differentiate them in their results. Aim: To compare the results of minimally invasive laparoscopic esophagectomy (EMIL) vs. open trans-hiatal esophagectomy (ETHA) in advanced megaesophagus. Method: A total of 30 patients were randomized, 15 of them in each group - EMIL and ETHA. The studied variables were dysphagia score before and after the operation at 24-months follow-up; pain score in the immediate postoperative period and at hospital discharge; complications of the procedure, comparing each group. Were also studied: surgical time in minutes, transfusion of blood products, length of hospital stay, mortality and follow-up time. Results: ETHA group comprised eight men and seven women; in the EMIL group, four women and 11 men. The median age in the ETHA group was 47.2 (29-68) years, and in the EMIL group of 44.13 (20-67) years. Mean follow-up time was 33 months, with one death in each group, both by fatal aspiration. There was no statistically significant difference between the EMIL vs. ETHA scores for dysphagia, pain and in-hospital complications. The same was true for surgical time, transfusion of blood products and hospital stay. Conclusion: There was no difference between EMIL and ETHA in all the studied variables, thus allowing them to be considered equivalent.

RESUMO Racional: A esofagectomia trans-hiatal aberta e laparoscópica têm sido realizadas com êxito no tratamento do megaesôfago. Porém, não há estudos randomizados para diferenciá-las em seus resultados. Objetivo: Comparar os resultados da esofagectomia minimamente invasiva laparoscópica (EMIL) vs. esofagectomia trans-hiatal aberta (ETHA) no megaesôfago avançado. Método: Foram randomizados 30 pacientes, sendo alocados 15 em cada grupo - EMIL e ETHA. As variáveis estudadas foram escore de disfagia antes e após a operação no seguimento de 24 meses; escore de dor no pós-operatório imediato e na alta hospitalar; complicações do procedimento, comparando cada grupo. Foram também estudados: tempo cirúrgico em minutos, transfusão de hemoderivados, tempo de permanência hospitalar, mortalidade e tempo de seguimento. Resultados: Foram no grupo ETHA, oito homens e sete mulheres; no grupo EMIL, quatro mulheres e 11 homens. Faixa etária mediana no grupo ETHA foi de 47,2 (29-68) anos, e no grupo EMIL de 44,13 (20-67) anos. Tempo de seguimento médio foi de 33 meses, com um óbito em cada grupo, ambos por aspiração fatal. Não houve diferença estatística significativa, entre os grupos EMIL vs. ETHA quanto aos escores de disfagia, dor e complicações intra-hospitalares. O mesmo se verificou, quanto ao tempo cirúrgico, transfusão de hemoderivados e estadia hospitalar. Conclusão: Não houve diferença entre a EMIL e a ETHA em todas as variáveis estudadas, permitindo assim considerá-las equivalentes.

Anastomose mecânica esofagogástrica cervical látero-lateral após esofagectomias / Mechanical cervical esophagogastric laterolateral anastomosis after esophagectomies

Dentre os desafios das esofagectomias, a fístula da anastomose cervical persiste desafiadora por suas consequências, sendo a principal, a estenose da anastomose. Os autores apresentam uma técnica de anastomose esofagogástrica cervical látero-lateral mecânica à Orringer, que reduz o índice de fístulas e de estenose.

Among the challenges of esophagectomies, the cervical anastomosis remains challenging for its consequences, the main being the anastomotic stricture. The authors present a technique for an Orringer-fashion mechanical cervical laterolateral esophagogastric anastomosis, which reduces the rate of fistula and stenosis.

Frequência de fatores de risco cardiovascular antes e 6 e 12 meses após gastroplastia / Frequency of cardiovascular risk factors before and 6 and 12 months after bariatric surgery

OBJETIVO: Comparar a frequência dos fatores de risco cardiovascular (FRCV) em obesos com indicação de gastroplastia no pré-operatório e após o sexto mês e o primeiro ano do procedimento, em usuários do Sistema Único de Saúde. MÉTODOS: Foi realizado estudo observacional, longitudinal, prospectivo e analítico, com seleção consecutiva de obesos com indicação cirúrgica, encaminhados para avaliação cardiológica pré-operatória. O protocolo foi constituído de: história clínica, exame físico, eletrocardiograma, ecocardiograma e dosagens bioquímicas. No presente estudo, foram analisadas as seguintes variáveis: peso, índice de massa corporal (IMC), circunferência abdominal (CA), hipertensão arterial Sistêmica (HAS), diabetes mellitus-tipo 2 (DM), dislipidemia (colesterol LDL elevado; colesterol HDL baixo; hipertrigliceridemia) e síndrome metabólica (SM). Para análise estatística foram utilizados os métodos do Qui-quadrado e Tukey-Kramer. RESULTADOS: A amostra foi constituída de 96 obesos. Desses, 86 eram mulheres com idades entre 18 e 58 anos (mediana de 35 anos). Ao final de seis meses, foi observada redução significante de 88%, 95%, 71%, 89% e 80% na frequência de HAS, colesterol LDL elevado, hipertrigliceridemia, DM e SM. Apenas ao final de 12 meses houve significante e modesta redução na frequência de colesterol HDL baixo (24%) e CA anormal (31%). Em seis meses e um ano ,o peso e o IMC sofreram reduções respectivas de 33,4 e 44,3 kg e de 13,1 e 17,2 kg/m². CONCLUSÃO: O impacto positivo na perda de peso, na redução do IMC, da CA e da frequência dos FRCM mostrou-se extremamente significante após seis meses, e se manteve após um ano da gastroplastia.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the frequency of cardiovascular risk factors (CVRFs) in obese patients Obesity of the Brazilian Unified Health System (Sistema Único de Saúde - SUS) with indication of bariatric surgery during the preoperative period and after the sixth month and the first year of the procedure. METHODS: An observational, longitudinal, prospective, and analytical study was performed, with consecutive selection of obese patients with indication for surgery referred to preoperative cardiac evaluation. The protocol consisted of: medical history, physical examination, electrocardiogram, echocardiogram, and biochemical analysis. This study analyzed the following variables:weight, body mass index (BMI),waist circumference (WC), systemic arterial hypertension (SAH), diabetes mellitus type 2(DM), dyslipidemia (high LDL cholesterol; low HDL cholesterol; hypertriglyceridemia), and metabolic syndrome (MS). The chi-squared test and the Tukey-Kramer method were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: The sample was composed of 96 obese people, among which 86 were women, aged between 18 and 58 years old (median 35 years old). At the end of six months, significant reductions of 88%, 95%, 71%, 89%, and 80% in the frequency of SAH, high LDL cholesterol, hypertriglyceridemia, DM, and MS could already be observed. A significant and small reduction in the frequency of low HDL cholesterol (24%) and abnormal WC (31%) was observed only at the end of 12 months. After six months and one year, weight and BMI experienced reductions of 33.4 kg and 44.3 kg, and 13.1 kg/m2 and 17.2 kg/m2, respectively. CONCLUSION: The positive impact on weight loss and the reduction in BMI, WC, and in the frequency of CVRFs are already extremely significant after six months and remain so one year after bariatric surgery.

Frequency of cardiovascular risk factors before and 6 and 12 months after bariatric surgery.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the frequency of cardiovascular risk factors (CVRFs) in obese patients of the Brazilian Unified Health System (Sistema Único de Saúde - SUS) with indication of bariatric surgery during the preoperative period and after the sixth month and the first year of the procedure. METHODS: An observational, longitudinal, prospective, and analytical study was performed, with consecutive selection of obese patients with indication for surgery referred to preoperative cardiac evaluation. The protocol consisted of: medical history, physical examination, electrocardiogram, echocardiogram, and biochemical analysis. This study analyzed the following variables: weight, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), systemic arterial hypertension (SAH), diabetes mellitus type 2(DM), dyslipidemia (high LDL cholesterol; low HDL cholesterol; hypertriglyceridemia), and metabolic syndrome (MS). The chi-squared test and the Tukey-Kramer method were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: The sample was composed of 96 obese people, among which 86 were women, aged between 18 and 58 years old (median 35 years old). At the end of six months, significant reductions of 88%, 95%, 71%, 89%, and 80% in the frequency of SAH, high LDL cholesterol, hypertriglyceridemia, DM, and MS could already be observed. A significant and small reduction in the frequency of low HDL cholesterol (24%) and abnormal WC (31%) was observed only at the end of 12 months. After six months and one year, weight and BMI experienced reductions of 33.4kg and 44.3kg, and 13.1kg/m(2) and 17.2kg/m(2), respectively. CONCLUSION: The positive impact on weight loss and the reduction in BMI, WC, and in the frequency of CVRFs are already extremely significant after six months and remain so one year after bariatric surgery.

Mechanical cervical esophagogastric laterolateral anastomosis after esophagectomies.

Among the challenges of esophagectomies, the cervical anastomosis remains challenging for its consequences, the main being the anastomotic stricture. The authors present a technique for an Orringer-fashion mechanical cervical laterolateral esophagogastric anastomosis, which reduces the rate of fistula and stenosis.

Colon mechanical preparation is necessary as routine in medical care?

BACKGROUND: The value of the preparation of the colon prior colorectal surgery remains debatable. Since installed as traditional the use of this routine, few studies have been conducted to support the safety of surgeries done without mechanical bowel preparation. AIM: To determine if there is a correlation between postoperative complications and no use of mechanical bowel preparation in operated patients. METHODS: Was conducted a prospective study in patients undergoing coloproctology abdominal surgery without prior bowel preparation. RESULTS: The sample consisted of 126 patients, 57 men and 69 women. The average age was 54 years (19 to 89). Among patients who had comorbidities (43 patients - 34,12%), 30 (23,80%) had arterial hypertension. Antibiotic prophylaxis was used in 89,70%. Among the patients, 14,28% had complications: eight (6,34%) wound infection, six (4,76%) anastomotic dehiscence and four (3,17%) fistula. CONCLUSION: The pre-operative mechanical bowel preparation is not essential in the routine of colorectal surgeries.

Preparo mecânico dos cólons é uma rotina necessária? / Colon mechanical preparation is necessary as routine in medical care?

RACIONAL: O valor do preparo de cólon prévio nas operações colorretais continua discutível, visto que devido à tradição da rotina do preparo poucos estudos têm sido realizados para sustentação da operação segura sem o preparo mecânico. OBJETIVO: Verificar se há correlação entre as complicações pós-operatórias e a não utilização do preparo mecânico dos cólons nos pacientes operados. MÉTODOS: Foi realizado um estudo prospectivo nos pacientes submetidos a procedimentos cirúrgicos coloproctológicos abdominal sem prévio preparo intestinal. Foram coletadas informações antropométricas e epidemiológicas, co-morbidades existentes nos pacientes, antibioticoprofilaxia utilizada, complicações infecciosas e deiscências. RESULTADOS: A amostra foi composta de 126 pacientes, 57 homens e 69 mulheres com média de idade de 54 anos (19 a 89). Entre os pacientes que apresentaram comorbidades (43 pacientes - 34,12%), 30 (23,80%) eram hipertensos. A antibioticoprofilaxia foi utilizada em 89,70% dos pacientes. Dentre eles, 14,28% apresentaram complicações, sendo oito (6,34%) com infecção de ferida operatória, seis (4,76%) com deiscência de anastomose e quatro (3,17%) fístulas. CONCLUSÃO: O preparo dos cólons não é fundamental na rotina pré-operatória.

BACKGROUND: The value of the preparation of the colon prior colorectal surgery remains debatable. Since installed as traditional the use of this routine, few studies have been conducted to support the safety of surgeries done without mechanical bowel preparation. AIM: To determine if there is a correlation between postoperative complications and no use of mechanical bowel preparation in operated patients. METHODS: Was conducted a prospective study in patients undergoing coloproctology abdominal surgery without prior bowel preparation. RESULTS: The sample consisted of 126 patients, 57 men and 69 women. The average age was 54 years (19 to 89). Among patients who had comorbidities (43 patients - 34,12%), 30 (23,80%) had arterial hypertension. Antibiotic prophylaxis was used in 89,70%. Among the patients, 14,28% had complications: eight (6,34%) wound infection, six (4,76%) anastomotic dehiscence and four (3,17%) fistula. CONCLUSION: The pre-operative mechanical bowel preparation is not essential in the routine of colorectal surgeries.

Esofagectomia trans-hiatal no tratamento do megaesôfago chagásico avançado / Transhiatal esophagectomy for chagas's disease megaesophagus

OBJETIVO: Avaliar os resultados da esofagectomia trans-hiatal no tratamento do megaesôfago chagásico avançado. MÉTODO: Foram estudados retrospectivamente 28 pacientes portadores de megaesôfago chagásico avançado (MCA), graus III e IV, segundo a classificação radiológica de Rezende (adotada pela Organização Mundial de Saúde), e que foram submetidos à esofagectomia subtotal trans-hiatal no Serviço de Clínica Cirúrgica do Hospital Universitário Prof. Alberto Antunes (HUPAA) da Universidade Federal de Alagoas, entre 1982 e 2000. Foram analisadas, as seguintes variáveis: A) Queixas clínicas pré-operatórias versus as pós-operatórias (disfagia, regurgitação, pirose, diarréia, dumping, plenitude pós-prandial, pneumonia e o estado ponderal). B) avaliação radiológica pós-operatória da boca anastomótica esofagogástrica cervical e do estômago transposto. C) avaliação endoscópica pós-operatória do coto esofágico e da boca anastomótica. RESULTADOS: O seguimento variou de 4 a 192 meses, média de 58,18 meses. Dezesseis pacientes eram do sexo feminino e 12 masculinos. Idade mínima de 16 e máxima de 67 anos, média de 36,5 anos. Não houve mortalidade nesta série. Houve resolução plena da disfagia na maioria dos pacientes (20/28 - 71,4 por cento), um (3,6 por cento) referiu disfagia leve que não necessitou tratamento e 7/28 (25 por cento) necessitaram de uma ou mais sessões de dilatação. Nenhum necessitou de dilatação permanente. A pirose foi o sintoma mais importante no seguimento tardio (35,7 por cento), seguida da regurgitação (25 por cento), diarréia (14,3 por cento), plenitude pós-prandial (10,7 por cento) e dumping (3,6 por cento). Houve ganho ponderal em 87,5 por cento dos pacientes avaliados. A esofagite no coto esofágico foi o achado endoscópico mais significativo (46,4 por cento). O esôfago de Barrett no coto remanescente foi encontrada em 10,7 por cento dos casos. A maioria dos achados radiológicos foi normal, embora três doentes (10,7 por cento)...

BACKGROUND: To analize the clinical results, radiologic and endoscopic findings of the transhiatal esophagectomy on Chaga's disease megaesophagus. METHODS: A retrospective study was performed from 1982-2000. Twenty-eight chagasic patients, sixteen female and twelve male, were treated at the General Surgery Service of Hospital da Universidade Federal de Alagoas. The disease was diagnosed by serologic trials and epidemiological or anatomopathological information. Variables studied were: a) pre and postoperative surgery patients complaints as dysphagia, regurgitation, pyrosis, diarrhea, dumping, postprandial fullness, pneumonia and weight status; b) post surgery X Rays series (upper GI) evaluation of the cervical esophagogastric anastomosis and the transposed stomach; c) post surgery endoscopic evaluation to analyze the esophagus stump and the anastomotic suture. The follow-up quantitative variable was expressed by medium and error pattern. The Chi-square test was applied to the dysphagia, regurgitation and pyrosis resolution variables considering p<0,05 values significant. The qualitative variables by percentage and the trusting interval calculated within 95 percent (IC-95 percent), with the EpiInfo software. RESULTS: Mean follow-up was 58,2 months (from to 4 - 192). Mean age was 36,5 years (from to 16-67). There was no mortality in this series. There was complete resolution of dysphagia in the majority of the patients (21/28 - 71,4 percent, p<0,05); 7/28 (25 percent) needed one or more dilatation sessions. Pyrosis was the most important late follow-up symptom (35,7 percent) and stump esophagitis the most significant endoscopic finding. The majority of X Rays studies findings were normal. CONCLUSIONS: Transhiatal esophagectomy was efficient to the treatment of chagasic megaesophagus dysphagia however the morbidity was high (78,6 percent). The mortality in this series was none.